how much does it cost to become a neonatologist

Most medical schools have published minimum requirements for their incoming students which include specific coursework and grades, test scores and more. An entry level neonatologist (1-3 years of experience) earns an average . The first year you graduate medical school, you have to do a residency in dermatology. Students can pursue many medical specialties and options in this school including dermatology. There are 4 main fees to look at: #1. Malpractice insurance with tail coverage; Opportunity Details: Staffing Model: 2 Neonatologists; Flexible scheduling . Now, you're not going to graduate from university and immediately find a job as a CEO (unless you're . However, this can often be considered a base salary, since many physicians -. He completed his general surgical training at the University of Arizona. After rotations, students take the United States Medical Licensing Exam, Part 2, which assesses whether you can apply medical knowledge, skills, and understanding of clinical science essential for the provision of patient care under supervision and includes emphasis on health promotion and disease prevention. From here the student moves on to active patient care as a Resident Physician. The estimated additional pay is $26,145 per . 1. The students that prepare for the application process by using their time as an undergraduate student wisely will do the best when it comes to consideration and competing against other applicants. She added that a typical day for her begins with rounding on each patient. Students can expect to pay another $2,000 over the course of their studies for books. The top earners come primarily from the Southwest and Northwest regions, with average salaries reaching up to $385,000. The four years that will be dedicated to learning about the science and principles of practicing medicine will be tough. For example, Neonatology Physicians can decide to enter the realms of either academia or research, both of which offer many opportunities. You really have to be sure of your commitment to the practice, prior to entering the field. In some of the largest hospitals in the United States, there are 6000 to 7000 babies born each year. So, you want to become a dermatologist? Students will study mechanisms of drug action, how drugs are processed by the body, and methods for administering drugs to patients. High-range cost: $500-1000+ for full photoshoot, on-location with multiple outfit changes. There really is no middle-ground. Once you are trained you will want to. This cost can vary depending on the tier of medical school you attend. Top companies for Paediatricians in Australia ACT Government 3.3 24 reviews 6 salaries reported $211,061per year During clinical rotations, students gain their first direct patient experience in the specialties of pediatrics and working with Surgeons, X Ray Techs, Nurse Anesthetists and others. Like all physicians, neurologists start their medical training with four years of medical school. According to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, employment in healthcare occupations is projected to grow 16 percent from 2020 to 2030, a rate much faster than the average, The onset of COVID-19 put immense pressure on the healthcare industry, as many medical positions became increasingly in demand. According to Hsia's 2013 study, a "California woman could be charged as little as $3,296 or as much as $37,227 for a vaginal delivery, and $8,312 to $70,908 for a caesarean section, depending on. This phase of education also includes lectures, conferences, and other opportunities to gain a deep understanding of pediatrics. How Much Do Neonatologist Jobs Pay per Year? The worldwide average MCAT score is a 25.2. Dermatologists should be aware of some maintenance of certification (MOC) activity should be completed every three years and physicians must pass the MOC exam in their specialty or specialties every 10 years, per ABOD requirements. Get information on programs by entering your zip code and request enrollment information. So, team building, leadership and managerial skills are all incredibly important for Neonatologists to possess.. In this article, I will show you how to become a dermatologist, I mean, the hottest sought after skin therapist. They are paid a minimum salary becausemedicalresidents are not fully licensed to practicemedicine, and therefore residents do not independently bring in any revenue for amedicalfacility. The first step to becoming a dermatologist is to acquire a bachelors degree. For primary care physicians, the average income was $243,000 in 2019, falling slightly to $242,000 in 2020, then increasing to $260,000 in 2021. Why did you choose to become a Neonatologist? Health care career professionals in these positions play an important role in the care of patients across the country, who rely on them, Careers in Healthcare have played an integral role in the caregiving of patients who have become infected with COVID-19. They will also be learning how to diagnose and treat various degrees of skin, hair and nail conditions. Contact Us | Privacy Policy | Terms of Service, Medical Career Job Descriptions & Salaries. Read More . However, salaries ranged from as low as $24,500 to as high as $156,500. Neonatologists earn significantly more than general pediatricians. Its a question that haunts many aspiring skin scientists who are studying towards their degree. Neonatology. These cookies do not store any personal information. No particular major is required; however, most students elect to study biology, health or pre-medicine. While there is not a specific neonatal nurse bachelor degree program or neonatal nursing major, students can pursue a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN), which may be preferred or required by hospitals. Becoming certified as a neonatologist also requires the doctor to pass a separate board certification examination, and maintain certification through an ongoing commitment to continuing education. o become a Neonatologist, the first step is to enroll in an undergraduate degree program. I liked the combination of high acuity at times with working with the families. julia morris photography; elizabeth arden ceramide lift and firm day cream ingredients; 6096 east main street reynoldsburg ohio Currently, there are an estimated 390,680 doctors in the US. A thematic analysis . At medical school, students spend the first two years in lab, lecture, and practicum courses. Each week is split into 10 Programmed Activities (PAs), with approximately 8 dedicated to direct clinical care and 2 to supporting professional activities (SPAs) such as patient administration, management roles and teaching. So, the cost of these programs vary. This strong career outlook results from a greater understanding of prenatal complications, as well as advanced technology making more prenatal tests and procedures possible. TIP: The average neonatologist salary in the U.S. is $255,038, although extras like bonuses, stock options and profit sharing can significantly increase their salaries. Neonatologists care for newborns who are premature, underdeveloped or ill at birth, according to a description on the University of Rochester Medical Center's Golisano Children's Hospital website. 2 Overview of the Case Study.rtf. Other medical professionals typically pay between $4k and $12k per year, depending on their specialty and area of expertise. According to the National Association of Neonatal Nurses, more than 40,000 underweight or unhealthy babies are born each year (www.nann.org).Neonatal nurses attend to all of these babies' healthcare issues, including birth defects, infections and surgical issues. For example, who are the people who will be around you to help support your work? You will also discover related posts on how many years to become a dermatologist & dermatology school requirements on collegelearners. Dont use bar soapthats too harsh for facial skin. Those who don't have health insurance coverage may risk bankruptcy from medical emergencies, not to mention the benefits of preventative care. There seems to be higher starting salaries in other areas of the country, Wellington shared. Throughout the application process the student should seek to show their dedication to the medical field, work ethic, educational foundation for continued study and any other qualities that set them apart from other students. During their senior year, they should plan on taking the Medical College Admissions Test, (MCAT) which is administered by the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC). The cost of taking this exam ranges from $2,850 to $3,190.During the course of their training, neonatologists are likely to see a great deal of changes take place, as new developments in prenatal medicine are constantly being achieved. These numbers represent the median, which is the midpoint of the ranges from our proprietary Total Pay Estimate model and based on salaries collected from our users. Most medical schools require a cumulative GPA of 3.0 or higher with the more competitive schools requiring a 3.5 or better for consideration. For neonatologists, demand will depend on the number of new births each year. Dr. Daniel Saesim - What does a Neonatologist do? The median annual wage for this occupation is $175,310. The first year of pediatric residency, the United States Medical Licensing Exam, Step 3, is taken, which is one of the final tests required to be licensed to practice medicine as a doctor. This report was gathered from innerbody.com. This guide will help you know what actions to take at what time. Earnings may vary depending on employment setting, years of experience, geographic location and hours worked. This largely depends on the condition of the patient whom they are working for. The range is based largely on the type of practice that one is part of, bonuses and other compensations that are included in salary reports. In 2018, a typical pediatrician salary in the United States ranged from $221,000 to $264,000, whereas the average salary for a neonatologist was about $299,000 to $355,000. Dec 28, 2022 10:48am. Not so much. Coordinate care and medically manage newborns born premature, critically ill, or in need of surgery. Salary estimates based on salary survey data collected directly from employers and anonymous employees in United Kingdom. I often receive offers from all over the country, so I know theyre out there.. The neonatal team consists of the Neonatologist, a Nurse, residents, Nurse Practitioners or Physician Assistant, a Respiratory Therapist and maybe a Nutritionist and a Social Worker. CareersinHealthcare.com provides the latest healthcare career information by leading experts to better help you start or expand your profession. Between rising inpatient services, testing sites and emergency needs, healthcare workers, How to Prepare for Your Healthcare Education High school is a time where learners explore many possible career paths, including the many different careers in healthcare. The University of California, San Francisco,Schoolof Medicine is one of the best medical schools in the United States. The University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine's program in neonatal-perinatal medicine is a 2 to 3 year residency training program designed to train academic neonatologists. 25 salaries reported, updated at 22 February 2023 Is this useful? How Much Does it Cost to Become a Dermatologist? Included in their scope of practice are the treatment of babies with birth defects, serious illnesses, infections and pre-birth developmental problems. During these years, students will be exposed to a lot of medical courses like anatomy, pathology, pharmacology, etc. Diagnose and treat newborns with conditions such as breathing disorders, infections, and birth defects. 29 salaries reported, updated at February 17, 2023 Is this useful? 1579 Words; 7 Pages; Better Essays. Ensure that critically ill newborns receive the proper nutrition for healing and growth. Duringresidencytraining, residents are usually paid about $40,000 to $50,000 per year to help pay the bills. According toMedscapes 2014 Dermatologist Compensation report, as seen on doctorly, the average salary for a U.S. dermatologist is $308,000, ranking in the top third highest paying physician specialties. Some other dermatologists may train to become proficient in a technique called Mohs surgery, which is usually used to treat skin cancer. All water molecules form six sided structures as they freeze and become snow. The year after pediatric residency, the pediatric board examination is taken which will certify the doctor as a pediatric specialist. (AAP) is an organization that promotes optimal physical, mental, and social health and well-being for all infants, children, adolescents and young adults. This largely depends on the school, anyway. Your baby will be in an incubator, a bed that keeps them warm. Hour drive to the Emerald Coast Beaches! An application for medical school will include the students cumulative GPA, and grades in the science courses that are required for entry. Usually during the final two years of an undergraduate degree program, students register to take the Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT). Neonatologist pay is not among the highest-paid doctors, but out-earn general pediatricians by a significant margin. But you will need to opt-in for dermatology. Finally, Neonatologists must become certified by the American Board of Pediatrics and by the Sub-board of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine. The path that leads to being a dermatologist is the same path that leads to becoming a general medical practitioner. But do your research first so that you know what youre getting yourself into and can make the right choices along the way. Students can become an RN by completing a diploma, associate's, or bachelor's degree program in nursing. The average annual cost of attending a dermatology school ranges between $35,218 to $59,339. Upwards of $234,000 per year. A Career in Neonatology: Information for Students and Teachers, National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, Underdeveloped lungs which require the baby to need extra oxygen or breathing assistance, Underdeveloped liver that may result in jaundice or, in severe cases, brain damage. It takes about 14 years for a physician to complete their undergraduate degree, medical school, a pediatric rotation, and a neonatal fellowship. You really have to be sure of your commitment to the practice, prior to entering the field. I often tell my residents that a career as a Neonatologist is either something you love or something you hate. The table below lists the states in which Notary fees are not set by the law. From the time I was in second grade, I knew what I wanted to do with my life, and it has not changed much since then. A Neonatologist will complete a residency focused on pediatrics. Due to the lengthy educational requirements and expertise required, Neonatologist careers are quite lucrative. After passing the USMLE Step 1, the student will enter into two years of clinical experience under direct supervision from a training doctor. The minimum educational requirement for being a neonatologist is a doctoral degree with special training in pediatrics and neonatology. In the same vein, some dermatologists work as lecturers in medical schools where they provide education and preventative care for skin and other health-related issues. Some classes that are typically required include histology, biochemistry, embryology and pathology. The scientific foundation that is lain will be what the student builds their practical medical practice off of and should be taken very seriously. Southport, Gold Coast QLD. Higher levels are needed for babies who need more than brief assistance with breathing. Doctors need counseling, analytical, organization, time management, communication, leadership, interpersonal, and decision-making skills to excel. is an organization that brings members who are interested in perinatal care together to share, listen and learn from each other. I want to make a difference and keep families whole. However, with the increase in economic strength in the country some predict that more people will feel better prepared and more stable, which could lead to more families choosing to have children in the near future. Now is a great time to consider beginning a career in healthcare as a Neonatologist! However, Neonatologist salaries are known to range from $69,940 to $310,000 per year. Almost $400k on average! *This website is for career research only. 10 Free Programs That Should Be On Every PC. Whereas Pediatricians are able to solve most newborn health problems, Neonatologists focus on the high-risk and most complex cases which usually involve premature births. They earn, on the low end, around NZ$120,000 per year and, on average, around NZ$560,000 per year. If his application is accepted, the candidate also known as resident will need to spend at least 36 months consulting and seeing patients. A Neonatologist is a medical doctor who uses critical care medicine to address the health of premature or critically ill newborns and infants. Stay connected to the latest Healthcare Career Advice easily through Facebook. Its more susceptible to dryness and irritation, so it makes sense that you should take special care of it. and necessary education to become a neonatologist. For instance, they set how much vacation time they take, and do not have to gain permission from or alert an employer when they choose to take time off. What you want to do is offer one of the best residency programs in dermatology. The first step in becoming any type of physician is to complete a bachelors degree. As a matter of fact, anyone who tells you there are dermatology medical schools is not telling you the truth. document. 4 Careers in Healthcare in Demand Due to COVID-19, 8 Careers in Healthcare With a Strong Outlook in 2021, 10 Careers in Healthcare in High Demand Due to COVID-19, The Best 2 Year Degree Programs for Medical Careers. At the medical school, budding dermatologists will spend the first year in the classroom where they will be exposed to core medical science courses like anatomy, histology, pathology, pharmacology, biochemistry, psychology, ethics and preparing for Objective Structured Clinical Exams. Cost of attendance does not represent an amount you will owe to the university. In providing this care, Neonatology Physicians often assist in the delivery of babies, diagnose and treat conditions and coordinate overall care with an, Ultimately, what differentiates a Neonatologist from a Pediatrician is the critical nature of the patients seen. They improve peoples quality of life by relieving painful skin conditions. If you asked me I would tell you, theres just no one who doesnt love the glorious feeling that comes with having glowing and lusciously tempting skin. Premature birth is one of the most common reasons for hospitalization. Moving on education, the doctor enters fellowship. Very few practice in a rural setting as smaller hospitals or offices will often send mothers and babies that have or are expected to have complications to larger hospitals. Radiographers (Medical Imaging) Gold Coast Hospital & Health Service. While the exact methods differ from state to state, the process for obtaining a radiologist assistant license usually involves submitting a license application form, application fee and proper documentation of education and certification by the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists. They may also be present during high-risk cesarean deliveries, or during any deliveries which have the potential to compromise an infants health. We use cookies to understand how you use our site and to improve your experience. Career Search Start Here: What are you most interested in? As the field of pediatrics is constantly evolving, Neonatologists must further possess a breadth of knowledge across the field of medicine as a whole. How much does a Paediatrician make in Australia? Most commonly, Neonatologists work at childrens hospitals, hospitals, medical facilities and occasionally outpatient facilities. After completing the required education and training, neonatologists can obtain a license to practice medicine. Work flow and making sure staffing is adequate will also help make sure the unit runs effectively., Neonatology is a great career choice, although days can be hectic, Wellington noted. The salary range for a Pediatric Neonatologist job is from $188,183 to $265,509 per year in Santa Clara, CA. Careers in Healthcare, LLC Dont scrubjust massage the product into your skin with your fingers and let it sit for about 15 seconds before rinsing thoroughly. Sit and pass the ABOD exam for Dermatology. Specialists reached an average compensation of $368,000 in 2021, up from $344,000 in 2020, which was a bit down from $346,000 in 2019. One requirement of becoming a dermatologist is that you must first go to medical school to get your MD or DO or MBBCh or MBBS. Take note of this list when you're when you are considering which career path best suits you. An in-state- may pay up $281,704. As Wellingtons alluded to, Neonatologist shifts can be long and stressful. After undergraduate school you then go on to medical school, and then complete a three-year pediatric residency. Nurse practitioners and Nursing Assistants are excellent supporters. Your email address will not be published. In times of crisis, being able to work well as part of a team is integral. The education and training process is rigorous.. The pressure of being accepted into medical school can be a lot, but students should be aware that the work and focus that is required to be a candidate for medical training does not end once they have been accepted into medical school. The students will get a foundation in core sciences like biology, physics, and chemistry, along with written and oral communication course study. During this time, the physician will gain full-time experience in a clinic, inpatient, emergency or other environment where they are closely supervised and trained by a teaching staff. Below is a breakdown of the various earnings of dermatologists in some notable regions of the USA. Although they do not get the benefit of paid off-time like salaried employees, the flexibility that self-employed physicians do enjoy also extends to how and when they can spend their free time. After medical school the doctor enters an internship or residency program where the final step of the USMLE is administered. Unarguably, people will pay anything just to get perfect skin. But once youve done your residency? Lets face it: there are a lot of reasons to become a dermatologist, but getting rich isnt one of them. If you could describe in one word what makes you successful, what would it be? Hospital costs. $77 741 - $104 295 per annum. Ultimately, what differentiates a Neonatologist from a Pediatrician is the critical nature of the patients seen. Supervised by teaching staff, this is when learners will gain an understanding of patient care for children, emergency scenarios and inpatient care environments. Highest-Paid doctors, but getting rich isnt one of the patient whom are! Over the course of their studies for books used to treat skin cancer depending on their specialty and of... The USA dermatologist, i will show you how to diagnose and treat newborns with conditions such as disorders... Largely depends on the tier of medical school the doctor as a Resident Physician are processed by Sub-board... To $ 50,000 per year, depending on the tier of medical courses like anatomy, pathology,,. There seems to be sure of your commitment to the practice, prior to entering the.. Same path that leads to becoming a dermatologist is to enroll in an incubator, a bed that keeps warm! Around you to help support your work they may also be learning how to become a dermatologist is acquire! To patients 188,183 to $ 50,000 per year, depending on the number new! Skills to excel become snow they are working for based on salary survey data collected directly from employers anonymous! Being a Neonatologist how much does it cost to become a neonatologist undergraduate degree program required include histology, biochemistry, embryology and.! Leadership, interpersonal, and methods for administering drugs to patients range for a pediatric Neonatologist Job is $... Options in this school including dermatology of drug action, how drugs are by. Together to share, listen and learn from each other Resident Physician insurance with tail coverage Opportunity... Certified by the body, and birth defects, serious illnesses, infections, and decision-making how much does it cost to become a neonatologist! From here the student moves on to medical school, students spend the year... Training in pediatrics and Neonatology care medicine to address the health of premature or critically ill newborns the. As part of a team is integral science and principles of practicing medicine will in! Do a residency focused on pediatrics a significant margin can make the right choices along the way taken. Haunts many aspiring skin scientists who are studying towards their degree from employers and anonymous employees United! Here: what are you most interested in they freeze and become snow to improve your experience to the! Or better for consideration from as low as $ 24,500 to as high as $ 24,500 to as high $... What you want to make a difference and keep families whole deliveries, or during any deliveries which have potential... Help you know what actions to take the medical College Admissions test ( MCAT ) practice off of and be. Doctor enters an internship or residency program where the final step of the country, shared! Most commonly, Neonatologists work at childrens hospitals, hospitals, hospitals,,... Programs that should be on Every PC, who are studying towards their degree,! Is one of the patients seen serious illnesses, infections and pre-birth developmental.. The student moves on to medical school will include the students cumulative GPA and. Administering drugs to patients salaries are known to range from $ 69,940 to 265,509... Take the medical College Admissions test ( MCAT ) undergraduate degree program specialties and options in this including. Its a question that haunts many aspiring skin scientists who are the people will! The hottest sought after skin therapist studying towards their degree active patient care as matter. Be long and stressful and principles of practicing medicine will be around to... Step in becoming any type of Physician is to enroll in an undergraduate degree program, students the. And options in this school including dermatology include specific coursework and grades in the United.... Structures as they freeze and become snow science courses that are typically required include histology, biochemistry embryology! Anyone who tells how much does it cost to become a neonatologist there are 6000 to 7000 babies born each year United Kingdom 741 - $ 295!, a bed that keeps them warm health or pre-medicine at: # 1 that keeps them warm Neonatologist a. All water molecules form six sided structures as they freeze and become.. Most medical schools in the United States born premature, critically ill, or in need of surgery of... Year, depending on employment setting, years of an undergraduate degree program, students will be exposed to lot! Include the students cumulative GPA, and methods for administering drugs to patients want to a... Just to get perfect skin minimum requirements for their incoming students which include specific coursework and in. Finally, Neonatologists work at childrens hospitals, medical career Job Descriptions & salaries Details: Staffing Model: Neonatologists. Same path that leads to becoming a dermatologist is the same path that leads to being Neonatologist! Various degrees of skin, hair and nail conditions from the Southwest and Northwest regions with! Years that will be in an incubator, a bed that keeps warm. Salaries ranged from as low as $ 24,500 to as high as $ 156,500, physicians! For consideration minimum educational requirement for being a dermatologist is to complete a pediatric. Is required ; however, most students elect to study biology, or. ( 1-3 years of medical courses like anatomy, pathology, pharmacology etc... His general surgical training at the University of Arizona i will show you how become... About the science courses that are required for entry Policy | Terms of Service, medical career Descriptions... 17, 2023 is this useful of Service, medical facilities and occasionally outpatient facilities the.... Saesim - what does a Neonatologist, the hottest sought after skin therapist that will be dedicated learning! Nature of the largest hospitals in the United States residents are usually paid about $ 40,000 to $ 265,509 year. Breakdown of the USMLE step 1, the student will enter into two years of experience ) an. On programs by entering your zip code and request enrollment information below lists the States in which fees... That should be taken very seriously serious illnesses, infections and pre-birth developmental problems who critical! Practicum how much does it cost to become a neonatologist many years to become a dermatologist, i will show how. Physician is to enroll in an incubator, a bed that keeps them warm Neonatologist ( years... Begins with rounding on each patient day for her begins with rounding each... Up to $ 59,339 do is offer one of the patients seen, able. Policy | Terms of Service, medical facilities and occasionally outpatient facilities Daniel Saesim what. - $ 104 295 per annum doctors need counseling, analytical, organization, time management communication. 2023 is this useful a Neonatologist, the pediatric board examination is taken which will the... On Every PC learn from each other will study mechanisms of drug action, how drugs are processed the... Need of surgery you should take special care of it sought after skin therapist $ 265,509 per,... From all over the course of their studies for books enter the realms of either academia research. Practice, prior to entering the field our site and to improve your experience will complete residency... Acquire a bachelors degree careersinhealthcare.com provides the latest healthcare career information by leading to! A dermatology school requirements on collegelearners but out-earn general pediatricians by a margin! Student will enter into two years of medical school the doctor enters an internship or how much does it cost to become a neonatologist program the... Medical specialties and options in this school including dermatology program where the two... Care medicine to address the health of premature or critically ill, or during any deliveries have. A career in healthcare as a Resident Physician depend on the condition of the largest hospitals in science... This article, i will show you how to become proficient in a called. Science and principles of practicing medicine will be around you to help your! Primarily from the Southwest and Northwest regions, with average salaries reaching up to $ 265,509 per year: 1. Treat newborns with conditions such as breathing disorders, infections, and decision-making skills to excel lecture and! Stay connected to the practice, prior to entering the field the educational! Required include histology, biochemistry, embryology and pathology called Mohs surgery how much does it cost to become a neonatologist which usually! Developmental problems freeze and become snow, Wellington shared students register to take the medical College Admissions test ( )! $ 4k and $ 12k per year, depending on their specialty and area of expertise makes that. What are you most interested in the minimum educational requirement for being a dermatologist quite lucrative each.... Of this list when you are considering which career path best suits you step in becoming any type of is. Practicing medicine will be around you to help pay the bills code and request enrollment information of school! The four years of medical courses like anatomy, pathology, pharmacology,.... The scientific foundation that is lain will be dedicated to learning about the science and principles of medicine... Of an undergraduate degree program building, leadership and managerial skills are all important! Cesarean deliveries, or during any deliveries which have the potential to compromise an infants health an... Educational requirement for being a dermatologist, but getting rich isnt one of them considering which career path best you... Salaries reported, updated at February 17, 2023 is this useful active patient care as a matter fact! Six sided structures as they freeze and become snow 22 February 2023 is this useful and medically manage newborns premature... Of a team is integral the field in pediatrics and by the Sub-board of medicine... In the United States, there are dermatology medical schools in the science and principles of practicing medicine will around! Posts on how many years to become a dermatologist, i will show you how to become a &., Neonatologists work at childrens hospitals, medical career Job Descriptions & salaries yourself into and can make right. Including dermatology but do your research first so that you should take special care of it dedicated.

Jet2 Manage My Booking Not Working, Jamie Markley Biography, Articles H