stateless nation example

In Myanmar, they suffer from a long-running genocide and are denied citizenship. In the summer of 2018, the world was fixated on the plight of 12 young soccer players and their coach trapped inside a flooded cave in Thailand. They are quite common throughout the world and consistently make major headlines. Your oppressor country is now claiming you are not an actual ethnic group, and you never had any real rights to the land. Some stateless people are refugees, because they have fled their homeland to find refuge in another country, but not all refugees are stateless. The rest are distributed in one or more states. Multi State Nation - people with a shared culture and spread over several . One result of this was a power struggle between secular forces, i.e., princes and local rulers, and the Church. [2] The term "stateless" implies that the group "should have" such a state (country). "5 Large Nations With No Homeland" Report an Error Example Question #4 : Nation State It is important to understand the dynamics of national identity for two main reasons: 1) to understand the immense cultural diversity of the Middle East. Apart from being serious, there are also types of violations of human rights . American Unilateralism and the Middle East, Part 17. In the Middle East, the formation of nation states created numerous minority groups in each country, whose cultural, linguistic or religious identity doesnt match with the official nationality of the country. Israel's illegal annexation of East Jerusalem in 1967 and the Golan Heights in 1981 led to the application of Israeli civil legislation in these occupied territories. Each year, the UNHCR Nansen Refugee Award recognizes several individuals, groups or organizations that have shown exceptional dedication in protecting and assisting refugees, internally displaced or stateless people. The Kurds are a nation without a state of their own. Even today, there are active autonomy and independence movements around the world. By this point, you should already be familiar with the term nation, and that it refers to a group of people with a common culture occupying a particular territory. 3) to acknowledge that many of the conflicts of the Middle East arebetter understood with an accountingof national identity issues. Various cultural communities came to consider themselves nations and were also able to establish a modern nation-state based on that identity. Nomadic groups, for example in the Sahara, often move across international borders without going through border checkpoints. [24] Nationalism is often connected to separatism, because a nation achieves completeness through its independence. In 1947, the United Nations decided to divide the country of Palestine (an area of about 2,400 square miles or 6,215 square kilometers) into a Jewish state (which became Israel) and an Arab state. For a more detailed explanation, see: Sensoy & Diangelo (2012). Tim Del Gallo 5/5/22 (extension) Global Conservation UNCLOS Executive Summary The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea provided many answers to a confusing question. A "stateless nation" is a nation of people who self-identify as a common national group, but who do not have their own political state. A concern of any country is how to stay sovereign in the face of forces that may divide its citizens. Palestinians are an Arab nation who, though technically no longer stateless, have not achieved full statehood. For most people, nationality is determined by place of birth, parentage or a long-term residence in a country. These include the 574 federally-recognized tribes in the US, as mentioned above, that all have limited autonomy. The Basque country in northern Spain is similarly a region of deep contention. Just wait. This was deeply opposed by the resident Palestinians, who started mobilizing for war coalitions of Arab nations attacked Israel in 1948 and again in 1967. 54% of RWE's current power generation is coal-fired and the The creation of the state of Israel in 1948 by Great Britain as a Jewish state marginalized the Palestinian Muslim minority. Some say they arrived with the first wave of Muslim inhabitants of the Rakhine state in the ninth century. Unfortunately, because these nations have very little to no official recognition, their respective regions are often conducive to conflict and heavy violence. The Jews were a stateless nation until 1948 when they declared Israel a state, and immediately gained recognition from the U.S., followed by the . For example, a child born in a foreign country can risk becoming stateless if that country does not permit nationality based on birth alone and if the country of origin does not allow a parent to pass on nationality to children born abroad. They believe because they have a distinct culture, language, religion (or sect thereof) and have occupied a certain region of land for centuries, they are entitled to that particular piece of land. Economic distress As elsewhere, in the refugee settlements in South Asia, the risks of contracting COVID-19 have much to do with employment and economic status, and For example, Arab-majority countries of the Middle East all share Arab identity, language and heritage, although they have very different national identities. Over 10 million students from across the world are already learning smarter. The U.N. human rights chief called the Myanmar military's actions at the time "a textbook example of ethnic cleansing.". False. This factsheet should be read in conjunction with the following factsheets, also available on the Resource Hub on our website - 'The 1954 Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons'; and The Rohingyas are not recognized as a native ethnic group by Burmese government. Contents Kurds Rohingya Palestinians Roma Untold numbers of Roma remain stateless in the Balkans and mainland Europe. The Kurds of the Caucasus mountains are an example of a stateless nation because they are a recognized nationality that does not have a state. The condition of statelessness, wherein a person does not have citizenship in any country (affecting at least 12 million in the world) is often tied to the denial of this universal right due to nationality status. Nationalists in the countries where Kurds live tend to see Kurdish cultural identity as a threat to their local nationalism. Want to create or adapt books like this? It created barriers and regulations in order to promote peaceful use of the seas. In 1988, towards the end of the Iran-Iraq war, Saddam Husseins military dropped poison gas on the Kurdish town of Halabja, killing some 5,000 people. To take an example from Arabic speaking communities of the Middle East. Unification of the Lezgin people in Azerbaijan and, partially controlled by the self-proclaimed. An estimated 10 to 15 million people worldwide are strangers in their own country. The Impact of Imperialism on the Region, Part 6. Unending Struggle? The government of Daniel Ortega and Rosario Murillo began to delete the records of those insured in the Nicaraguan Institute of Social Security (INSS), to execute the illegal confiscation of their old-age pensions, starting February 20, confirmed ten of those affected. It also includes nations relegated to "cryptic" (hidden) status even if still living in the country of origin. A stateless nation is a special case of national political systems, but nonetheless crucial to understanding political geography. However, because the respective governments arent giving into their demands, this area is extremely dangerous and has stunted the growth of the region for the past several decades. Kurdish populations are spread between four countries (Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran) in all of which they live as (sometimes persecuted) minorities. To show how we can do this, lets look at an FRQ from 2014 (Question 2): The international borders of African countries are a legacy of colonialism. It was later adopted and popularized by Scottish scholars such as David McCrone, Michael Keating and T. M. Stateless nations were not protected in all countries and become victims of atrocities such as discrimination, ethnic cleansing, genocide, forced assimilation, Exploitation of labour and natural resources. The Kurdish people are probably the best-known ( and largest) stateless nation, but you've probably also heard of other stateless groups, like the persecuted Rohingya in Myanmar and the Palestinians. In many countries, unionism is also encouraged by governments and separatism is considered illegal. [92], This article is about a nation lacking a nation state. Keys to Understanding the Middle East by Alam Payind and Melinda McClimans is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Will you pass the quiz? In this FRQ, you can bring in the concept that many African nations are stateless nations due to colonialism. The 1967 Six-Day War ended with Israel taking even more territory, including the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. The term State of Palestine is only used officially by Sweden. A stateless nation is an ethnic group or nation that does not possess its own state [1] and is not the majority population in any nation state. Nor are most stateless people refugees. Turmoil in the Middle East: Imperialism, War, and Political Instability (1999), Berch Berberoglu, 69p. (Conflicts often ensue.) Therefore, it is a key concept to understand in geography because of how much it has affected different parts of the world. Which of the following refers to the most disadvantaged situations for stateless nations? It focused on how problems can occur in ocean space which directly influences many. Fortunately, the concept of a stateless nation isnt particularly complicated and is relatively easy to identify and understand compared to other terms that could be asked on the multiple choice section. The map of the Middle East is diverse already with Arabic, Hebrew, Turkish and Persian linguistically defining the political borders not the monolithic image most people have of the Middle East as a location exclusively Arabic-speaking place. Describe three political or cultural consequences of superimposed boundaries in Africa. Add to that the fact that the Islamic State is also occupying that region and you can see why this region is, to put it lightly, not in the best shape. A stateless nation is a non-sovereign nation with no state structures. It's unclear how long the Rohingya have lived in Myanmar. Some of the stateless boys in the Thai cave lived in the Golden Triangle and were the children of undocumented migrants who had fled guerilla warfare in Myanmar. Therefore, understanding stateless nations allows you to gain a better perspective on why certain areas in the world are violence-ridden. They are thus stateless nations. 5. Stateless Nations Pages: 5 (1388 words) Clean and Green Nation Essay Example Pages: 7 (1864 words) American Literature: Our Nation's Voice Pages: 1 (58 words) The Unfinished Nation, Chapter 12, Review Pages: 6 (1777 words) Is China a Neo-Mercantilist Nation Pages: 11 (3041 words) Since Roma distrust government agencies and often keep their children out of state schools, many of them fled their home countries without official citizenship paperwork and identification. For example, a 2012 study estimated that the opportunity cost of volunteers cleaning up beaches around the globe costs around USD 74 . [10][11] Some ethnic groups were once a stateless nation that later became a nation state (for example, the nations of the Balkans such as the Croats, Serbs, Bosniaks, Slovenes, Montenegrins and Macedonians were once part of a multinational state of Yugoslavia; since the breakup of Yugoslavia many nation states were formed). You can say that superimposed boundaries by the European colonial powers, who arbitrarily created borders with utter disregard to existing nations in Africa, left many nations without a state. Japan, Iceland, Denmark). Limited recognition by their country's government, but second-class status. What Are the Consequences That Stateless People Encounter? Some 750,000 of them became stateless refugees, having been driven from . The military, aided by Buddhist mobs, responded with a brutal crackdown that included alleged acts of murder, rape and the razing of Rohingya villages. The Roma lived in relative peace in the former Yugoslavia, but when the communist country broke up in the 1990s, hundreds of thousands of Roma were displaced by armed conflicts in Balkan states like Bosnia-Herzegovina and Kosovo. The few "stateless" ethnic groups that exceed that figure - African Americans in the United States, for example, or the Tamils in India - make no widespread demands for independence. The Kurds are an example of a nation.Thus the correct option is B.. What are Kurds? The key aspect to be aware of is that the identity of the most powerful group of the country which is usually also the majority group but not always doesnt represent the entire population. Prayer, A Part of Daily Life for Muslims Around the World, Part 9. Witness the disintegration of Yugoslavia in the 1990s: the attempted establishment of nation-states, with one nation per state, resulted in ethnic cleansing, genocide, refugees, and civil war, and the problem is not yet fully resolved. Recent Examples on the Web His family is stateless and he's haunted by the torture his late father suffered when displaced in Kuwait. Other Religions: Yazidis and Mandaeans, Part 1. The Kurds are one of the largest stateless nations, with over 20 million people dispersed throughout six countries: Syria, Iraq, Turkey, Iran, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. Some stateless nations have achieved their own independent state. One result of this was a power struggle between secular forces, i.e., princes and local rulers, and the Church. Ataturk, the founder of modern Turkey, referred to the Kurds as mountain Turks. Kurdish attempts to achieve autonomy have been ruthlessly suppressed in all four Middle Eastern countries where they dwell. Scotland is a part of Great Britain, a complex entity of four distinct nations. When a community lacks representation in a countrys system of government and/or cultural definition of citizenship, it is sometimes referred to as minoritization. Minoritize is a verb used in the social sciences to critically describe the process which creates inequity between groups in a given country (see Key Concept below). example children with disabilities are 42% less likely to have foundational reading and numeracy skills . Loss or relinquishment of nationality without first acquiring another. However, due to the political organization that results from war, conquests, and expansion, some groups are marginalized and given the short end of the stick. As a result, they feel resentment and act out in violence, and some of the biggest conflict hotbeds in the world are because of stateless nations. Because stateless people, like refugees, are vulnerable to serious human rights abuses, the UNHCR launched the #ibelong campaign in 2014 to eradicate statelessness in 10 years. Stateless Nations A further example is the gypsy people or Roma people of Europd ( romani-pop. Examples include Kurds (Kurdistan), Palestinians (Palestine), and Yoruba. This category includes nations without land, but with historical claims to a homeland, living in a diaspora and/or as refugees. Various cultural communities came to consider themselves nations and were also able to establish a modern nation-state based on that identity. The Tibetan nation ruled a powerful empire from the 600s-800s AD. [90][91], During the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the breakup of Yugoslavia, several ethnic groups gained their own sovereign state. The Kurdish people are probably the best-known (and largest) stateless nation, but you've probably also heard of other stateless groups, like the persecuted Rohingya in Myanmar and the Palestinians. (True or False) It is not ok to use the term "tribe" in reference to the stateless nations of Mexico. Is the Two State Solution Dead? Croatia regained its independence when Yugoslavia broke up in the 1990s. Despite their significant presence in the region and their . In Syria, Kurds were stripped of their citizenship in 1962 when the Syrian government's "Arabization" effort resulted in hundreds of thousands of Kurds being left off a national census and deemed "foreigners" (though some were allowed to acquire Syrian nationality later.) 10 The breakdown is as . Examples of stateless nations: The Kurds currently reside in Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Turkey, but they have not established an internationally-recognized state based on their national identity. Simulate how different MCQ and FRQ scores translate into AP scores. In Turkey, which has the largest Kurdish minority in the region (close to 15 million), the government has long denied the reality of a separate Kurdish identity. Many, however, never established their own nation state. An example of a stateless nation is the Kurds. Another possibility is that you could be given a map with an example of a modern stateless nation (most likely the ones given above) and you will have to describe the concept that is being displayed on the map. Three of them, plus their coach, were stateless. Stateless nations are members of multinational states and guaranteed limited sovereignty; officially recognized by the government(s) of the country or countries in which they reside. Use the ethnic group's name that a member of the ethnic group uses for their own group. States that developed their national consciousness after the formation of the state do not have a national history that ties to a unique cultural community. When Kurdish peshmerga militants took up arms against Saddam in the late 1980s, the dictator responded by bombing a Kurdish village with chemical weapons, killing an estimated 5,000 civilian men, women and children. There are 193 member states in the United Nations, but only around 20 are, strictly speaking, nation-states, meaning states (government + geographical territory) with a single ethnic nation inhabiting the territory. How to use stateless in a sentence. nation-state, a territorially bounded sovereign polityi.e., a statethat is ruled in the name of a community of citizens who identify themselves as a nation. statistical reporting table, to produce the "Total number of stateless people including displaced Rohingya population from Myanmar". Nations inhabiting a country but deprived of all land. States that developed their national consciousness after the formation of the state do not have a national history that ties to a unique cultural community. It is often a product of colonial dynamics mentioned earlier in this chapter, as settler communities from Europe have often, but not always, been the dominant group in this scenario. The U.S. and Post-Bandung Imperial Dominance, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. The largest language family is not recommended, as a large number of cells would contain similar content. This factsheet introduces the background to the two international treaties (the United Nations Conventions on Statelessness). In the Middle East, the formation of nation states created numerous minority groups in each country, whose cultural, linguistic or religious identity doesnt match with the official nationality of the country. However, it is highly likely that you will be asked a question about political geography. Stateless nations are governed in numerous ways, ranging from autonomy (they can make their own laws though also have to obey the laws of the country or countries in which they are located) to complete lack of rights and autonomy; they may even exist only in a diaspora or in refugee camps, having been completely dispossessed of their lands. Have all your study materials in one place. The Jews were a stateless nation until 1948 when they declared Israel a state, and immediately gained recognition from the U.S., followed by the rest of the world. The Kutupalong refugee camp in Bangladesh is the largest of its kind in the world, home to more than 600,000 Rohingya Muslim refugees from neighboring Myanmar (formerly Burma). Nations without territorial autonomy may have other types of special recognition (language is an official state language, same rights as other citizens (i.e., not discriminated against), representation sought in public bodies, etc.). [23] In a multinational state different national identities can coexist or compete: for example, in Britain English nationalism, Scottish nationalism and Welsh nationalism exist and are held together by British nationalism. A nation, or a people, is usually referred to asqawm in Arabic. What countries have stateless people? What is an example of a stateless nation? Many, however, never established their own nation state. If Kurdistan were its own country, it would extend across 193,000 square miles (500,000 square kilometers) currently within the borders of southeastern Turkey, northern Iraq, northern Syria and northwestern Iran. In many cases, they were born and raised in a country that denies them citizenship based on ethnic or religious discrimination. Malta, national identity and the European Union" (The Sunday Times, December 1, 8 and 15) Professor Godfrey . The homelands of stateless nations like the Kurds, Yoruba, and Palestinians occupy parts of several countries. The Kurds are one of the largest stateless nations, with over 20 million people dispersed throughout six countries: Syria, Iraq, Turkey, Iran, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. A stateless nation refers to nations, religions or a group of individuals who taken as the minority in any region or a nation and have no place or nation they can regard as their own. In addition to practicing Islam in a majority Buddhist country, the Rohingya speak their own language. Kurds got the short end of the straw when borders in western Asia were drawn and redrawn. Some nations have a historical memory of having had their own states until they were invaded or partitioned, usually during a major war, and ended up losing their independence. In terms of rights entitlements, the rights envisaged for stateless persons are nearly identical to those provided to refugees, but lower than had been proposed by the ILC. Stateless Nation: A nation that does not comprise the majority of the population in the country where its homeland is located, or in any other country. Cultural definition of citizenship, it is highly likely that you will be asked a question about political.... Attribution-Sharealike 4.0 international License are a nation lacking a nation achieves completeness through independence... Numbers of Roma remain stateless in the ninth century 2012 ) groups, for example in the countries Kurds. Wave of Muslim inhabitants of the following refers to the two international treaties ( the United nations on... For stateless nations allows you to gain a better perspective on why certain areas in the Balkans and Europe... Volunteers cleaning up beaches around the globe costs around USD 74 unclear how long the Rohingya speak own! 'S name that a member of the Middle East arebetter understood with an accountingof national identity issues accountingof national issues. The Rohingya have lived in Myanmar, they were born and raised in a country but of! Wave of Muslim inhabitants of the world and consistently make major headlines in FRQ. Kurds as mountain Turks the region, Part 6 denied citizenship from being serious, there are active and! Language family is not recommended, as mentioned above, that all have limited.! Threat to their local Nationalism their local Nationalism group uses for their independent... Two international treaties ( the United nations Conventions on Statelessness ) and over! '' ( hidden ) status even if still living in a country but of... Who, though technically no longer stateless, have not achieved full statehood to understanding political.. No state structures cryptic '' ( hidden ) status even if still living in a country rulers and. Of Europd ( romani-pop Turkey, referred to as minoritization modern Turkey, referred to the most disadvantaged for... Use of the Middle East, Part 1 often connected to separatism, because a nation completeness... Above, that all have limited autonomy time `` a textbook example of ethnic.! It is highly likely that you will be asked a question about political geography opportunity cost of volunteers cleaning beaches. Movements around the world and consistently make major headlines on Statelessness ) Nationalism often! Multi state nation - people with a shared culture and spread over several to understanding political.! Many, however, never established their own independent state, Berch Berberoglu, 69p a people is! Denied citizenship in geography because of how much it has affected different parts of several countries % less to... Speaking communities of the straw when borders in western Asia were drawn redrawn! Foundational reading and numeracy skills stateless nation example & quot ; Total number of stateless people including displaced Rohingya from! Claiming you are not an actual ethnic group uses for their own language nation a! Due to colonialism but nonetheless crucial to understanding political geography are 42 less... Introduces the background to the two international treaties ( the United nations Conventions on Statelessness ) now claiming are. A Part of Daily Life for Muslims around the world and consistently make major headlines political geography are. Came to consider themselves nations and were also able to establish a modern nation-state based on that identity quot! Raised in a countrys system of government and/or cultural definition of citizenship, it is likely... Cryptic '' ( hidden ) status even if still living in the US as! The 574 federally-recognized tribes in the Middle East, Part 1 non-sovereign nation with no state.... Of volunteers cleaning up beaches around the world and consistently make major headlines nationalists in the countries where dwell. Study estimated that the opportunity cost of volunteers cleaning up beaches around the globe costs around USD 74 partially by! A special case of national political systems, but nonetheless crucial to understanding political geography may... Are an example of a nation.Thus the correct option is B.. What are Kurds Africa. Officially by Sweden homelands of stateless people including displaced Rohingya population from Myanmar & ;... Most disadvantaged situations for stateless nations allows you to gain a better perspective on why certain areas in Sahara! Was a power struggle between secular forces, i.e., princes and local rulers, and occupy! Any country is now claiming you are not an actual ethnic group 's name that a of! Are active autonomy and independence movements around the globe costs around USD 74 Religions. Learning smarter even today, there are active autonomy and independence movements around the world are violence-ridden Israel... Power struggle between secular forces, i.e., princes and local rulers, and Palestinians occupy of. Consequences of superimposed boundaries in Africa, Part 9, they suffer from a long-running genocide and are citizenship. Foundational reading and numeracy skills got the short end of the ethnic 's. And political Instability ( 1999 ), Palestinians ( Palestine ), and the Middle East, Part 6 understanding! Across the world because of how much it has affected different parts of countries... Complex entity of four distinct nations by governments and separatism is considered illegal and/or as.... This article is about a nation state diaspora and/or as refugees the Kurds as mountain.. Many of the straw when borders in western Asia were drawn and redrawn residence in a country order promote. 750,000 of them, plus their coach, were stateless option is..! Not recommended, as a threat to their local Nationalism example of ethnic cleansing. `` citizenship! Because of how much it has affected different parts of several countries not recommended, a... Order to promote peaceful use of the following refers to the stateless nations you! Is how to stay sovereign in the countries where Kurds live tend to see cultural... And you never had any real rights to the Kurds nation is a concept. Asqawm in Arabic the Rakhine state in the region, Part 6 you! Had any real rights to the Kurds, Yoruba, and you never any! By governments and separatism is considered illegal nation lacking a nation achieves completeness through its independence when Yugoslavia up... Partially controlled by the self-proclaimed in Myanmar uses for their own independent state, nationality is determined by place birth. Is stateless nation example.. What are Kurds had any real rights to the most disadvantaged situations for stateless have! Better perspective on why certain areas in the country of origin as minoritization country of origin estimated that opportunity. As a threat to their local Nationalism suppressed in all four Middle Eastern countries where they dwell relinquishment nationality. Establish a modern nation-state based on that identity % less likely to foundational. Introduces the background to the Kurds as mountain Turks american Unilateralism and the East... Muslims around the world are already learning smarter even if still living in a country but deprived all. When Yugoslavia broke up in the US, as mentioned above, that stateless nation example! In their own independent state over several by governments and separatism is stateless nation example illegal rights! Denies them citizenship based on that identity Buddhist country, the founder of modern Turkey, referred as. Religions: Yazidis and Mandaeans, Part 1 that may divide its citizens ``! Mcq and FRQ scores translate into AP scores include Kurds ( Kurdistan ), Berch Berberoglu,.. A more detailed explanation, see: Sensoy & Diangelo ( 2012 ) the U.N. rights. Imperial Dominance, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 international License and political Instability ( 1999,. And are denied citizenship U.S. and Post-Bandung Imperial Dominance, Creative Commons 4.0... Conventions on Statelessness ) stay sovereign in the Sahara, often move across international borders without going through checkpoints! Country that denies them citizenship based on ethnic or religious stateless nation example, parentage or a long-term in. Movements around the world beaches around the world an accountingof national identity issues of birth, parentage a... '' in reference to the most disadvantaged situations for stateless nations allows you to a. Has affected different parts of several countries is about a nation, or a long-term residence in a majority country. A stateless nation is a non-sovereign nation with no state structures regions are often conducive to conflict and heavy.. Rest are distributed in one or more states for their own nation state active autonomy independence... Sensoy & Diangelo ( 2012 ) the conflicts of the Rakhine state in the Balkans and mainland Europe problems! Barriers and regulations in order to promote peaceful use of the following to! A further example is the Kurds often conducive to conflict and heavy violence that all have limited.. Broke up in the countries where they dwell to achieve autonomy have ruthlessly. A 2012 study estimated that the opportunity cost of volunteers cleaning up beaches around the globe costs USD... Long-Running genocide and are denied citizenship that the opportunity cost of volunteers up... Consistently make major headlines, 69p ( the United nations Conventions on Statelessness ) allows you to a. To take an example from Arabic speaking communities of the Middle East, 9... The Kurds as mountain Turks nationality is determined by place of birth, parentage a. Understanding political geography stateless in the countries where they dwell more states, however, it sometimes., but nonetheless crucial to understanding political geography state in the countries where Kurds live tend to see cultural... But deprived of all land with disabilities are 42 % less likely have. Going through border checkpoints due to colonialism 4.0 international License Unilateralism and the Church False ) it is sometimes to! Because these nations have very little to no official recognition, their respective regions are often to... Other Religions: Yazidis and Mandaeans, Part 9 because of how much it has different. Can bring in the concept that many African nations are stateless nations due to colonialism when a lacks. Ok to use the term state of their own conflict and heavy violence special case national...

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