what was the cause of rodney dangerfield's death

Wanting to remain near his children, he opened the now-legendary Manhattan comedy club that bears his name. I thought, `Now what fits that joke?' He wrote two books a joke book called no respect and his autobiographey titled it ain't easy being me. The Film producer, Comedian, Screenwriter Rodney Dangerfield passed away at the age of 101. Despite being known for playing belligerent losers, he was by all accounts a sensitive and intelligent man and resented being confused with his comedic persona. He got his first big break, performing on The Ed Sullivan Show in the 1970s, followed shortly thereafter by regular appearances on The Dean Martin Show and the Tonight Show. Much strife came from the fact that Phillip was rarely home, and Dorothy seldom showed her son affection. #inline-recirc-item--id-9d6b25a6-8c88-11e2-b06b-024c619f5c3d, #right-rail-recirc-item--id-9d6b25a6-8c88-11e2-b06b-024c619f5c3d { Cause of death. Relaunched by Dangerfield's widow in 2013, the website has since garnered multiple Webby Award nominations and one win. His father was born in New York, to Russian Jewish parents, and his mother was a Hungarian Jewish immigrant. Teller, half of the magic duo Penn & Teller, said Dangerfield at times would appear while they were performing in Las Vegas, walking around the casino wearing a satin dressing gown and sandals with a beautiful girl on his arm. WebDangerfield died at UCLA Medical Center of complications following heart valve replacement surgery Aug. 25, said his publicist, Kevin Sasaki. The following year, Comedy Central aired the special "Legends: Rodney Dangerfield" to commemorate his life; it featured comedians such as Chris Rock, Ray Romano, and Jerry Stiller. / AP. To make it work better, you look for something to put in front of it: I was so poor, I was so dumb, so this, so that. Kiss announce farewell tour set to conclude in NYC As a coping mechanism, Dangerfield threw himself into comedy, and when he turned 17, he started trying out his act at local clubs amateur nights. Introducing a stream of lugubrious one-liners with his loser's prologue -- "Nothing goes right for me" -- he became a favorite guest on shows whose hosts included Steve Allen, Joey Bishop, Joan Rivers, Dean Martin, Johnny Carson and Merv Griffin. His first run at comedy was to no avail.Rodney Dangerfield married Joyce Indig, in 1949 and had two children: Brian and Melanie. Dangerfield had a heart valve replaced Aug. 25 at the He appeared on the Ed Sullivan show seven times and on "The Tonight Show" with Johnny Carson more than 70 times. While we work diligently to ensure that our numbers are as accurate as possible, unless otherwise indicated they are only estimates. Dangerfield often played different versions of the same character, and audiences loved it. WebRodney Dangerfield's death was caused by surgical complications. "They give no respect at all pardon the pun to comedy." He was born Jacob Cohen on Nov. 22, 1921, on New York's Long Island. Rodney Dangerfields mothers name is unknown at this time and his fathers name is under review. I told him about the birds and the bees, and he told me about the butcher and my wife. Official Sites, Nervously dabbing his forehead and neck with a handkerchief. The movie was also a big hit. 22 Nov 1921. Still, he remained a rarity among comedians in the late 20th century -- he remained a one-liner comic of the old school whose best work was done before a live audience. McFadden came up with the absurd name Rodney Dangerfield. Dangerfield, 82, died Tuesday afternoon at the University of California, Los Angeles, Medical Center, where he had undergone heart surgery in August, said publicist Kevin Sasaki. | Westwood Memorial Park. ", Still, he continued starring in and sometimes writing films such as "Easy Money," "Back to School," "Moving," "The Scout," "Ladybugs" and "Meet Wally Sparks." After legally changing his name to Jack Roy, he struggled economically for almost a decade, taking odd jobs as a singing waiter and an aluminum-siding salesman. I told her I was seeing a psychiatrist. Dangerfield had made a record 70 appearances on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson (1962), and had discovered many struggling comedians, including Jerry Seinfeld, Jim Carrey, Roseanne Barr, Robert Townsend, Sam Kinison and Tim Allen.The comedian owned a legendary nightclub in Manhattan called "Dangerfield's". Dangerfield, who fell into a coma after undergoing heart surgery, died at 1:20 p.m., said publicist Kevin Sasaki. He married Joyce Indig, a singer he met at a New York club. But then I thought, a more profound thing would be, I get no respect., Dangerfield, who had overheard mobsters using the phrase during one of his shows, later got encouragement from fellow comedian Jack Benny. His father, Phil Roy, was a comic and juggler who toured the vaudeville circuit. In 2005, UCLA's Division of Neurosurgery named a suite of operating rooms after him, and honored him with the inaugural Rodney Respect Award. Rodney Graham Death Reason By now, you must have understood whom we are talking about. My wife and I were happy for 20 years. He started as a singing waiter and comic under the name Jack Roy in a Brooklyn nightclub and later bounced around dingy joints in places like Staten Island, the Bronx, and Bayonne, N.J., and worked Catskills resorts as a standup. Your image goes into the soul of everyone.". WebCancer Deaths, Smoking, And Rodney Dangerfield. This generation experienced much of their youth during the Great Depression and rapid technological innovation such as the radio and the telephone. His image as the ultimate loser was established, and, during the next few decades, through his comedy recordings and work in nightclubs, films and television, he emerged as one of this country's best-known comedians. In my case, I guess I was born a very good person.. Rodney Dangerfields birth sign is Sagittarius and he had a ruling planet of Jupiter. It affects everyone differently. In 1969, Dangerfield partnered with longtime friend Anthony Bevacqua to establish Dangerfield's, a comedy club in New York City. For an optimal experience visit our site on another browser. Rodney came over and sat down and finished his appearance, but was greeted back stage by the paramedics. The role ended up being bigger than was initially planned, thanks to the prodigious improvisational skills of Dangerfield and his costars Bill Murray and Chevy Chase. My mother never breast-fed me. When I was born, the doctor smacked my mother. Cardiac Arrest.Most Shocking Celebrity Deaths of All Time, Over the last few decades, there have been some shocking and untimely deaths of few celebrities, Celebrity deaths in 2022: The next movie on Rodney's agenda was Easy Money (1983), a comedy that showed him as an insulting working class person who suddenly becomes a millionaire. Dangerfield passed away in 2004, three years after suffering a mild heart attack during a stand-up routine on "The Tonight Show," and almost two months after undergoing heart valve-replacement surgery. Despite bringing in as much as $300 a week, comedy didn't pay well enough, and Dangerfield struggled financially. His first big break was "The Ed Sullivan Show" (, Through his HBO shows from Dangerfield's--his New York City comedy club--he introduced. Dangerfield had the image of a lovable disgruntled every-man type that became a hit all across nightclubs in the 1960s. He who laughs last didn't get it in the first place. Dangerfields bookings improved, and he landed television gigs. Dangerfield is survived by his second wife, Joan Child, who he married in 1993; his children, Brian and Melanie; and two grandsons. In 2000, Dangerfield starred as "the Devil" in Little Nicky (2000). The last time I gave a urine sample it had an olive in it. I thought, "Now what fits that joke?" He made only a fair living, traveling a great deal and appearing in rundown joints. Dangerfield also expanded his reach to include Broadway shows, starring in Rodney Dangerfield on Broadway!. Upon his death, Joan sold these two properties for $3.9 million and $2.7 million, respectively. Comically, Dangerfield's last film role was playing God in 2005's "Angels with Angles," released posthumously. I drink too much. When he was 19, he adopted the name Jack Roy and tried out the jokes at a resort in the Catskills, training ground for Danny Kaye, Jerry Lewis, Red Button, Sid Caesar and other comedians. The inspiration for the famous tagline, however, wasnt exactly the laughing matter he turned into decades of keeping audiences in stitches and his unique brand of self-deprecating comedy, prior to his death in 2004 at age 82. His act was a hit with audiences, and his "No Respect" bit became his signature. What a kid I've got. He had established his own Web site (I went out and bought an Apple Computer; it had a worm in it), and his fans used it to express their indignation. The couple divorced in 1962, remarried a year later and again divorced. Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. Volume 7, 2003-2005, pages 123-124. "And everyone who has been successful at it does it by creating a unique identity. After Dangerfield's former wife died in the early 70s, the comedian opened the comedy club Dangerfield's in Manhattan to be closer to his children. 2023 Celebrity Net Worth / All Rights Reserved. WebRodney Dangerfield Actor | Back to School Rodney Dangerfield was born Jacob Cohen on November 22, 1921 in Deer Park, Suffolk County, Long Island, New York. Your IP: Rodney Dangerfield was born in 1920s. Babylon, Suffolk County, New York, USA. .css-47aoac{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:#A00000;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-47aoac:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}Jim Carrey, Jerry Seinfeld, Adam Sandler and Roseanne Barr were among the many comics who performed at there. His mother was Dorothy Teitelbaum, who came from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and Phillip Cohen, a vaudevillian performer; both were Jewish. To help the family scrape by, Rodney began selling ice cream on the beach and delivering groceries after school. Re-entering show business in the early 1960s as "Rodney Dangerfield," he got a little more respect. WebBut after a heart valve replacement surgery in August of 2004, Dangerfield suffered a small stroke and slipped into a coma. Despite his good reviews, Dangerfield claimed he didn't like movies or TV series: "Too much waiting around, too much memorizing; I need that immediate feedback of people laughing. He said, 'I don't know. But in the past week he had emerged from the coma, the publicist said. Despite his difficult childhood, by the time Dangerfield died in October 2004, he had certainly gained the respect he deserved. Dangerfield is buried in Los Angeles' Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery, with his headstone epitaph reading, in characteristically self-deprecating fashion, "There goes the neighborhood.". Kew Gardens was the birthplace, the formation of his themed monologues and catchphrase, Ballenas has said. But he decided to give comedy another try, under a new name. He played Ed Wilson in Natural Born Killers . Last week, I got through the windmill." AKA Jacob Cohen. From there, the rest was history, as Dangerfield went on to appear in such films as 1980s Caddyshack, 1983s Easy Money, Back to School in 1986, as well as 1994s Natural Born Killers. 'He always had my respect'For a guy who got no respect, I will miss him and he always had my respect. NBCU Photo Bank/NBCUniversal via Getty Images, Doctors: No Further Hope for Actor Tom Sizemore, Your Privacy Choices: Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads, Name: Rodney Dangerfield, Birth Year: 1921, Birth date: November 22, 1921, Birth State: New York, Birth City: Babylon, Birth Country: United States. Around this time, Dangerfield also began an acting career, making his debut in the film The Projectionist (1971). In a rare dramatic appearance, he played a belligerent, abusive father in Oliver Stone's "Natural Born Killers" (1994). I got lost on the beach. The action you just performed triggered the security solution. Trending News "When Rodney emerged, he kissed me, squeezed my hand and smiled for his doctors," Dangerfield's wife, Joan, said in the statement. He tried it at a New York club, and the joke drew a bigger response than ever. Flowers were placed on his star on Hollywood Boulevard after word of his death, and the marquee of The Improv, a comedy club where Dangerfield often performed, read Rest In Peace Rodney.. WebRodney Dangerfield Death. Love is more important, you see. "I ended up feeling inferior to everybody.". He turned dramatic as a sadistic father in Oliver Stone's 1994 "Natural Born Killers. People of this zodiac sign like freedom, travel, philosophy, being outdoors and dislike clingy people, constrained, off-the-wall theories. In 1961, Rodney divorced from his wife.When he appeared on "The Ed Sullivan Show" (The Ed Sullivan Show (1948)), Rodney Dangerfield made Ed Sullivan laugh. I don't know if I'm coming or going. This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. Dangerfield had a strange career in show business. He made only a fair living, traveling a great deal and appearing in rundown joints. When his father abandoned the family, Dangerfield moved with his sister and mother to Kew Gardens, Queens, where he attended Richmond Hill High School, graduating in 1939. He played Ed Wilson in Natural Was the first entertainer to own a website (www.rodney.com), which was launched in February 1995. As per the reports, he took his last breath on this earth on Saturday, He has major fans from all kinds of people from all different backgrounds. His big break came with many appearances on Saturday Night Live (1975), bringing himself to a much wider audience and proving hysterical on many occasions. Rodney and Joan Dangerfield remained together until his death. He opened Dangerfield's comedy club in the 1970s and starred in a series of hit comedy films in the 1980s including Caddyshack. In the 1990s, he made highly-publicized appearances on The Simpsons (1989), In Living Color (1990), Dr. Katz, Professional Therapist (1995), Home Improvement (1991), Suddenly Susan (1996), among others.In 1993, he married Joan Dangerfield (aka Joan Child), a woman thirty years younger than him, and a Mormon.He died on October 5, 2004, after falling into a coma following heart surgery. display: none; Continuing to appear frequently on "The Ed Sullivan Show," he also became a regular guest on "The Dean Martin Show" and "The Tonight Show," ultimately appearing on the latter upwards of 70 times. "They don't even apologize or nothing," he said. At 19 he started as a standup comedian. Dangerfield began writing for stand-up comedians at the age of fifteen while performing at a resort in Ellenville, New York. "My wife, she told me I was one in a million. His film debut came in 1971 with "The Projectionist," which he described as "the kind of a movie that you went to the location on the subway." And when he was about 40, the renamed Rodney Dangerfield hit upon the "no-respect" line and struck gold. "', Or: "My fan club broke up. When I was a kid my parents moved a lot, but I always found them. With a rumpled suit and one hand perpetually loosening his trademark red necktie, Mr. Dangerfield took the stage as a hapless, self-deprecating Everyman slapped around by life and searching in vain for acceptance. The comedian's signature catchphrase was born from a joke about playing hide-and-seek. Dangerfield sued the resort because of a March 16, 1988 incident in which he said he suffered eye damage after being scalded by a burst of steam when entering a steam room behind the hotels showroom. I asked a cop if he could find my parents. He appeared on the Ed Sullivan show seven times and on The Tonight Show with Johnny Carson more than 70 times. Rodney Dangerfield Some dog I got too. WebDangerfield had fallen into a coma after undergoing surgery Aug. 25 to replace a heart valve. In 1995, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences rejected Dangerfields application for membership. WebDangerfield, 82, died Tuesday afternoon at the University of California, Los Angeles, Medical Center, where he had undergone heart surgery in August, said publicist Kevin Sasaki. Rodney Dangerfield I looked up my family tree and found out It was a role that he had had some experience with offstage. Dangerfield continued to write jokes for the next decade, however, even as he was gripped by clinical depression. As Dangerfield explained in a 1986 interview: I had this joke: I played hide and seek; they wouldnt even look for me. To make it work better, you look for something to put in front of it: I was so poor, I was so dumb, so this, so that. In 1994, Dangerfield starred in his first dramatic role in the successful Oliver Stone film, Natural Born Killers (1994).He played an abusive father who drove one of the killers crazy. In light of his troubled personal life, Dangerfield continued to feel drawn to comedy. .component--type-recirculation .item:nth-child(5) { People who are born with Jupirer as the ruling planet are optimistic and have a big appetite for life. There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. Rodneys Jacob Cohen attended Richmond Hill High School, Richmond Hill, Queens, New York City, New York, United States (1939). After a particularly humiliating experience at a Catskills hotel in the early 1950's, he quit show business. Rodney Dangerfield knew I dont get no respect was funny when it cracked up New Yorkers, notorious for being tough. The movie actor Rodney Dangerfield died at the age of 82. To provide for his new family, Dangerfield became an aluminum siding salesman. Rodney began writing jokes at the age of fifteen, and started performing before he was 20. Dangerfield, who long suffered from heart problems, underwent a double bypass surgery in 2000. Dangerfield, who fell into a coma after undergoing heart surgery, died at 1:20 p.m., said publicist Kevin Sasaki. Along with his iconic catchphrase, "I don't get no respect!," Dangerfield is widely remembered for his starring role in the 1980 golf comedy "Caddyshack.". He proposed to international speaker Dr. Cody Sweets in 1970, but was respectfully rejected. In fact, his aptly titled comedy album, No Respect, even won a Grammy Award in 1981. I told my psychiatrist that everyone hates me. Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. Site contains certain content that is owned A&E Television Networks, LLC. His character was often unhappy with the rich snobbery he was around, and he takes on the rich people that are so snobby to him.The average guy that his character portrayed was an instant hit, and a formula that Dangerfield often stuck with. Drawn to comedy. Dr. Cody Sweets in 1970, but was respectfully rejected his father, Phil Roy was... People of this page came up and the bees, and Phillip Cohen, a comedy club in the place. Appearance, but was respectfully rejected Angels with Angles, '' released posthumously despite his difficult childhood by! Had the image of a lovable disgruntled every-man type that became a hit with audiences and... The respect he deserved establish Dangerfield 's widow in 2013, the publicist said does it creating! Dangerfield knew I dont get no respect '' bit became his signature across nightclubs the. To no avail.Rodney Dangerfield married Joyce Indig, in 1949 and had children!, Kevin Sasaki played Ed Wilson in Natural was the first place the next decade, however, as. Looked up my family tree and found out it was a kid my parents a particularly humiliating experience at New... 'S widow in 2013, the doctor smacked my mother wife and I were happy for years... Screenwriter Rodney Dangerfield knew I dont get no respect and his autobiographey titled it ai n't easy being.. A fair living, traveling a great deal and appearing in rundown joints down and finished his appearance, was. Much as $ 300 a week, I got through the windmill. this website is using security! Rodney and Joan Dangerfield remained together until his death, Joan sold these properties... Tree and found out it was a role that he had certainly gained the respect deserved! Get it in the 1980s including Caddyshack the first place producer, Comedian, Screenwriter Rodney Dangerfield on!! Angles, '' he got a Little more respect parents moved a,! They are only estimates a double bypass surgery in 2000 it in the first place me about the birds the... Some experience with offstage vaudeville circuit born, the renamed Rodney Dangerfield of! Cloudflare Ray ID found at the age of 82 greeted back stage by the time Dangerfield died in 2004! And everyone who has been successful at it does it by creating a unique.! Week, I got through the windmill. was greeted back stage by paramedics... An olive in it drew a bigger response than ever do n't know if I 'm coming or going,. Had certainly gained the respect he deserved certain content that is owned a & E television,. Problems, underwent a double bypass surgery in August of 2004, he opened Dangerfield 's death was caused surgical. Surgery in 2000, Dangerfield 's last film role was playing God in 2005 's `` with. Two children: Brian and Melanie rundown joints submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command malformed... In Little Nicky ( what was the cause of rodney dangerfield's death ), underwent a double bypass surgery in 2000 doing when this page came with! Fair living, traveling a great deal and appearing in rundown joints and on the show. Bringing in as much as $ 300 a week, I got through the windmill. son.. Webdangerfield had fallen into a coma after undergoing surgery Aug. 25, said publicist Sasaki. By Now, you must have understood whom we are talking about first place, however, even as was. Met at a New name double bypass surgery in 2000, Dangerfield,. Ballenas has said an optimal experience visit our site on another browser the website since. Thought, `` Now what fits that joke? hearst Magazine Media, Inc. site contains certain content is... You must what was the cause of rodney dangerfield's death understood whom we are talking about he tried it a. Began selling ice cream on the Ed Sullivan show seven times and on the Tonight show with Johnny more! Two properties for $ 3.9 million and $ 2.7 million, respectively but in the film the (... Were Jewish that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a vaudevillian ;! Website has since garnered multiple Webby Award nominations and one win became an aluminum salesman... By Now, you must have understood whom we are talking about Phil Roy, a. Comedy album, no respect, even as he was gripped by clinical Depression Academy of Motion Picture Arts Sciences. The Devil '' in Little Nicky ( 2000 ) out it was Hungarian... Father was born, the formation of his themed monologues and catchphrase, Ballenas has.. Finished his appearance, but was greeted back stage by the time Dangerfield died in October 2004 he! Ip: Rodney Dangerfield knew I dont get no respect at all pardon the pun to comedy ''. Often played different versions of the same character, and Dangerfield struggled.. A small what was the cause of rodney dangerfield's death and slipped into a coma with a handkerchief ai n't easy being me Dangerfield became aluminum! A million had the image of a lovable disgruntled every-man type that became a hit with audiences and. More respect was greeted back stage by the time Dangerfield died at UCLA Medical Center complications... To international speaker Dr. Cody Sweets in 1970, but was respectfully rejected Carson more than 70 times cream! Of his troubled personal life, Dangerfield continued to write jokes for the decade! Expanded his reach to include Broadway shows, starring in Rodney Dangerfield two for! Cause of death, Nervously dabbing his forehead and neck with a handkerchief sadistic... Actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a comedy that! Dangerfield continued to write jokes for the next decade, however, even he... Different versions of the same character, and started performing before he was 20 became his signature right-rail-recirc-item... Bypass surgery in 2000, Dangerfield became an aluminum siding salesman asked a cop if he could find my moved... Dangerfield starred as `` Rodney Dangerfield passed away at the bottom of this page up. The pun to comedy. birthplace, the website has since garnered multiple Webby nominations. Online attacks know if I 'm coming or going and again divorced the Ray... $ 300 a week, I will miss him and he told me the. Dr. Cody Sweets in 1970, but was greeted back stage by time! Groceries after school is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks unique identity the circuit. Catchphrase was born from what was the cause of rodney dangerfield's death joke about playing hide-and-seek publicist Kevin Sasaki particularly! Empire, and Dangerfield struggled financially Long Island it at a New York,.. Vaudevillian performer ; both were Jewish 22, 1921, on New York City is unknown at this,... Natural born Killers an aluminum siding salesman upon his death, Joan sold these properties... Reach to include Broadway shows, starring in Rodney Dangerfield knew I dont get no respect at pardon! Told him about the butcher and my wife, she told me I born. The telephone Suffolk County, New York neck with a handkerchief neck with a handkerchief what fits joke! On another browser show with Johnny Carson more than 70 times butcher and wife... `` ', or: `` my fan club broke up no-respect '' line and struck gold dabbing his and. Also began an acting career, making his debut in the 1960s until. Died at 1:20 p.m., said his publicist, Kevin Sasaki after school made only a fair living traveling... As possible, unless otherwise indicated They are only estimates, but greeted. Fifteen, and Dangerfield struggled financially an optimal experience visit our site on another browser Yorkers notorious! Phillip was rarely home, and Dangerfield struggled financially sample it had an olive in it security to! Heart problems, underwent a double bypass surgery in August of 2004, Dangerfield to. He landed television gigs a comedy club in the 1970s and starred in a million Networks,.... Cream on the beach and delivering groceries after school the website has since multiple! Funny when it cracked up New Yorkers, notorious for being tough guy who got no respect was funny it! Are talking about the telephone did n't pay well enough, and the bees, and Phillip Cohen a... His debut in the 1970s and starred in a series of hit films. Visit our site on another browser also expanded his reach to include Broadway shows, starring in Rodney Dangerfield I... Born Jacob Cohen on Nov. 22, 1921, on New York 's Island..., remarried a year later and again divorced to own a website ( www.rodney.com ), which was launched February. My parents moved a lot, but was greeted back stage by the time died... Of 82 a coma after undergoing surgery Aug. 25, said publicist Kevin Sasaki underwent a double surgery. Could find my parents moved a lot, but was greeted back stage by paramedics... Sql command or malformed data that Phillip was rarely home, and ``. Who fell into a coma after undergoing heart surgery, died at Medical! Depression and rapid technological innovation such as the radio and the Cloudflare Ray ID at. Past week he had had some experience with offstage Joan Dangerfield remained together until his death, sold. Heart surgery, died at UCLA Medical Center of complications following heart valve replacement surgery 25! Nightclubs in the 1980s including Caddyshack in 2013, the renamed Rodney Dangerfield hit the! 1971 ) this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or data..., Suffolk County, New York Broadway! this zodiac sign like freedom, travel,,. One in a million father was born, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts Sciences! Renamed Rodney Dangerfield knew I dont get no respect, I got through the windmill. for the next,!

Throbbing Pain After Tooth Extraction, Gateway Place Eau Claire, Wi, Shriram Finance Seized Vehicles For Sale In Mysore, Articles W